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Atomic: M.A.C. | Reference
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Yttrium
Electrons per shell 2,8,18,9,2
Electron Configuration [Kr] 4d1 5s2 open electron config
Ground state 2D3/2
Atomic Volume 19.8 cm3 mol-1
Electronegativity 1.22
Magnetic ordering No data
Mass magnetic susceptibility 6.66 x 10-8
Molar magnetic susceptibility 5.921 x 10-9
Speed of sound 3300 m s-1
Thermal Properties
Enthalpy of Atomization 418 kJ mol-1 @25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion 17.2 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of Vaporisation 367.4 kJ mol-1
Heat Capacity 26.54 J mol-1 K-1
Thermal Conductivity 17.2 W m-1 K-1
Thermal Expansion 10.6 μm m-1 K-1
Hardness
Brinell hardness 589 MPa
Elastic Properties
Bulk modulus 41.2 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.243
Shear modulus 35.6 GPa
Young's modulus 63.5 GPa
Electrical Properties
Electrical resistivity 5.6 x 10-7 Ω m
Electrical conductivity 0.0166 106/cm Ω
Chemical Properties
Electrochemical Equivalent 1.1057 g Ah-1
Electron Work Function 3.1 eV
Valence Electron Potential (-eV) 48
Ionization Potential  
First 6.38
Second 12.24
Third 20.52
Incompatibilities Oxidizers.
Flammability
Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
Energy Levels
Kα1 (intensity 100) 14.9584 KeV
Kα2 (intensity 50) 14.8829 KeV
Kβ1 (intensity 16.3) 16.7378 KeV
Kβ2 (intensity 3) 17.011 KeV
Kβ3 (intensity 7.8) 16.723 KeV
Lα1 (intensity 100) 1.92256 KeV
Lα2 (intensity 10) 1.92047 KeV
Lβ1 (intensity 50) 1.99584 KeV
Lβ2 (intensity 0.7) 2.075 KeV
Lβ3 (intensity 4.1) 2.0725 KeV
Lβ4 (intensity 4) 2.06 KeV
Lγ1 (intensity 0) 2.144 KeV
Lγ3 (intensity 3) 1.761 KeV
Ll (intensity 5.5) 1.6846 KeV
Atomic Radii
Empirical 180 pm
Bohr Radius 212 pm
Covalent Radius 162 pm
Van der Waals No data.
Triple covalent 124 pm
Metallic 180 pm
Oxidation States
Main Y+3
Other
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 616
M+ - M2+ 1181
M2+ - M3+ 1980
M3+ - M4+ 5963
M4+ - M5+ 7430
M5+ - M6+ 8970
M6+ - M7+ 11200
M7+ - M8+ 12400
M8+ - M9+ 14137
M9+ - M10+ 18400
Vapour Pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K
T (K) 1883 2075 (2320) (2627) (3036) (3607)
Crystal Structure
Structure Hexagonal close packed
a = 364.74 pm
b = 364.74 pm
c = 573.06 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 120°